Robert Kurz
The Corrosion
A new social society of the global crisis
some time now no longer a secret that the Western world at the height of the industrial or even already "post-industrial" has taken the road to so-called Third World. They are not the countries of the periphery capitalist approach to the social democracies of Western welfare, but instead is spreading social depravity in the old capitalist centers as a virus. The social security systems are gradually being dismantled, the structural mass unemployment increases and not all. It covers an area also popular with regular employment and unemployment, which in Third World countries is well known for some time and grows to a level in the shadow of miserable company official social apartheid, a minority part of the world market, in the form of a "secondary economy" of the marginalized and uprooted. The vendor by the roadside, young people who clean the windshields of cars at intersections, child prostitution or semi-legal system to recover garbage until you get to "men of landfills" are all examples that fall into this category.
The Corrosion
A new social society of the global crisis
some time now no longer a secret that the Western world at the height of the industrial or even already "post-industrial" has taken the road to so-called Third World. They are not the countries of the periphery capitalist approach to the social democracies of Western welfare, but instead is spreading social depravity in the old capitalist centers as a virus. The social security systems are gradually being dismantled, the structural mass unemployment increases and not all. It covers an area also popular with regular employment and unemployment, which in Third World countries is well known for some time and grows to a level in the shadow of miserable company official social apartheid, a minority part of the world market, in the form of a "secondary economy" of the marginalized and uprooted. The vendor by the roadside, young people who clean the windshields of cars at intersections, child prostitution or semi-legal system to recover garbage until you get to "men of landfills" are all examples that fall into this category.
To a lesser extent these phenomena are arrived Meanwhile, on the streets of the West, most clearly in the Anglo-Saxon countries because of their now classic economic liberalism. But also develop new mixed forms of regular employment and precarious employment. Because of the past twenty years the level of real wages decreased continuously (in a particularly dramatic in the U.S.), the salary of a wage-labor "official" is no longer sufficient to sustain a standard of living "normal" with a house, car and health insurance. This will need to rely on reports of additional jobs and irregular. Two or three jobs per person are now become the rule. The worker of a car factory after work, come home soon for dinner and then start somewhere else his service as a night watchman. During the weekend lends itself also as a waiter in a restaurant, with almost no salary, only tips. The facade of "normalcy" can be held more and more difficulty and cost of the ruin of health.
A different kind of uncertain employment biography is that more and more people are forced to work below their qualifications. From the perspective of play that they really are "over-qualified", and their training is no longer recognized by the market. Already since the 80s, with the advent of the revolution microelectronics and the galloping crisis of state finances, academic training was no longer a guarantee for a corresponding work. Many qualified people within the state were canceled in the absence of funding. On the free market on the other hand skills are becoming obsolete faster and faster and devalued after a short period of boiling. The cycle of accelerated economic trends, innovations, products and fashions not only about the technical areas, but also the culture, social sciences and the much renowned service sector.
In this social process for an increasing academic intelligence is degraded. The 'eternal student, the student alternating study with work in service of low-alloy, an expert in Anglo-Saxon literature in his thirties with a useless degree no longer a rarity. In the Western world, the philosopher who graduated driving a taxi has become a symbolic figure for a career social negative. It has developed a new "substrate" that goes beyond the old led by bohemian. Graduate work in historic candy factory, high school teachers test themselves unemployed as a baby-sitter, lawyers in trade surplus furniture in India. Many people with high intellectual background leading student lifestyles almost beyond the thirty or forty years and they float in their activities between work as messengers, journalists and occasional artistic endeavors that do not give a living. The question about the status of the profession and creates more confusion. Already in 1985 it was published in Germany the cult novel of two young authors Georg Heinzen and Uwe Koch Nutzlosigkeit Von der Erwachsene zu werden (tr. Lett. futility be adults). Their hero tells us about his new, precarious way of life: " No father, no husband, no member of the Automobil Club I'm not a top or a person invested with some authority, I have no credit availability. I trained with those things for which there is less and less intellectual use. Are excluded from the circulation supply .... "This disconcerting
modus vivendi that ten or fifteen years ago seemed a bit 'exotic has now become a mass phenomenon. The German sociologist Ulrich Beck argued that" the standardized system of employment begins to make water. "The boundaries between work and unemployment become feeble. The watchwords for the new system are broken and confused employment" flexibility "and" under-plural. "It is no longer just for intellectuals for some time academic ousted, unskilled and superfluous, which ended up in this changing flexible layer. Even former blacksmiths, cooks, designers, engineers, hairdressers, seamstresses or caregivers have become multifunctional deprofessionalizzati underemployed. All
do anything except what they have prepared or studied. Qualifications, occupations, careers, social lives and relationships clear and incontrovertible thing of the past. Underemployment is more than just a constant exchange between paid work and unemployment, has now become for many millions of men in the normal condition of state industries. The exchange between learning skills, activities and functions of any kind seems to be a kind of roller coaster ride through the division of social labor that turns under the pressure of the market with increasing speed.
In the 80s there was still hope that the new trend towards greater flexibility of working relationships that did not follow the strictest standardization and discovered in spite of social pressure, new possibilities of existence, could be directed in emancipatory sense. The individual must be flexible prototype of a man who does not submit unconditionally to the constraints of more paid work and the market wins because resources of time for independent activities and self-determination and may arise from its own purposes. There was discussion of so-called "pioneers of the time" taking possession of the "sovereignty over their time" to bring to light new forms of life than the mechanical time capitalist labor heteronomous and "leisure" consumption-oriented goods.
These ideas look a bit 'the early writings of Karl Marx's famous formulation with an imaginative provided for the future of the communist end of the narrow division of labor: "The division of labor offers us the example as long as there is the separation between private interests and those of society, the man's own act becomes like a stranger, a power which is opposed, it is subdued. As soon as that is, the work begins to be divided each field of activity has a close and determined which can not escape, while communism society regulates the general production and enables this through what to do today, that tomorrow, to hunt in the morning, fish in the afternoon to take care of the cattle in the evening after dinner and criticism, because it feels like to do so without being a hunter, fisherman, farmer or critical .... "Unfortunately the
150 years old romantic image of the young Marx has nothing to do with our new reality flexibility. We do not live in a society with certain communistic aspirations, that has launched more than a bureaucratic state capitalism at sunset to new shores of social emancipation. The social optimum flexibility as Ulrich Beck and the French social philosopher Andre Gorz have reckoned without his host, wishing to develop the potential of a new "time sovereignty" individual in peaceful coexistence with the capitalist mode of production. After the abandonment of any fundamental critique the dominant order, there was no more chance to ride in the immanent sense emancipatory social trend. So the battle for the interpretation of social flexibility was decided before it even begins.
150 years old romantic image of the young Marx has nothing to do with our new reality flexibility. We do not live in a society with certain communistic aspirations, that has launched more than a bureaucratic state capitalism at sunset to new shores of social emancipation. The social optimum flexibility as Ulrich Beck and the French social philosopher Andre Gorz have reckoned without his host, wishing to develop the potential of a new "time sovereignty" individual in peaceful coexistence with the capitalist mode of production. After the abandonment of any fundamental critique the dominant order, there was no more chance to ride in the immanent sense emancipatory social trend. So the battle for the interpretation of social flexibility was decided before it even begins.
ideas hopeful about an alleged self-determination within the life-time social niches then refers to certain forms of division of work time, which according to the theory of Gorz had to be subsidized social status, to ensure a "salary basis" safe in cash and simultaneously to make possible the holding of free activity choices. This theory was well thought out but helpless from the beginning a joke compared to the reality of individuals under the pressure of increasing social dumping two o three were forced to work 24 hours on 24. The reason for this is that competition in the markets blind anonymous, that theorists such as Beck and Gorz not put more in question, is the first of the "division between general and special interests" by Marx and found it means that the potential of increased productivity may not be used for a greater "time sovereignty" of men.
the contrary, the neo-liberal era unbridled capitalism has characterized himself in a dictatorial flexibility and makes the material for his economic philosophy sag costs at any price. Working times
standardized crumble but not in the interests of workers. The "construction contract", according to the commission and irregular times, extends. It also required a greater spatial mobility to wage against their own interests. From time hundreds of millions of people are forced to emigrate across countries and continents to find work. Latin Americans wander in search of employment in the U.S., Asians in the Gulf emirates, Eastern Europeans and South to Central Europe. In China and in Brazil there is a huge internal migration. Under the dictates of globalization this trend to spatial mobility of labor has increased and in the meantime has also achieved the western centers. The employment services in Germany for example they can force employees to take up employment that is hundreds of miles from their home and "visit" their families only on weekends. The managers in the interest of their careers must change increasingly place, land, a continent of their profession.
Men become vagabonds market socially uprooted.
Flexibility also relates to constant conversion between dependent employment and "autonomous." The boundaries between employees and employers are confused but this is to the detriment of the people involved.
Because outsourcing arise increasingly apparent self-employed, that is pseudo-entrepreneurs without an entrepreneurial organization, the capital of the company, employees and the famous "entrepreneurial freedom", because they depend on a single developer, mostly in their old company, so that saves on contributions and pays them directly with "fees" depending on the performance instead of working time, which are smaller, the pay received previously.
Flexibility means the risks normally download the employed staff and delegation of responsibility downwards: more performance for less money and more stress. The tie is loosened and the so-called corporate employees split into an increasingly small group of employees that the company benefits are reduced or completely eliminated and an increasing marginal employment "free lancer" or "portfolio-workers." Among the first group members are divided into "profit-center" competitors. The culture of the integral is over forever. Following the example of IBM's multi-complex American social historian Richard Sennett in his 1988 book The Corrosion of relocation described this logic: " During the years of restructuring and downsizing did not inspire more confidence in his employees. It was reported that they had to rely on themselves, their children were no longer the great company " . Individuals
made flexible and self-conscious of capitalism are not universal, but only men universally exploited, desolidarization and isolated. The new liability risk does not generate fear but comfortable because the risk of life is permanent. Ramps generalized mistrust. In the climate of bullying and delusions of persecution stands a paranoid corporate culture. More and more men free of coercion and overloading certainties become sick and disaffected. Moreover, they are becoming increasingly unnecessary, deconcentrated and incompetent. This is because a real-time competence requires that the market has more. The faster change requests can not acquire more expertise in the more learning is transformed into a mere consumer to know that it's just a dump of data. The quality is strangled. If I know that everything I learned and will not be my own effort with no value but a moment later, then the focus becomes more and more ephemeral.
Men become vagabonds market socially uprooted.
Flexibility also relates to constant conversion between dependent employment and "autonomous." The boundaries between employees and employers are confused but this is to the detriment of the people involved.
Because outsourcing arise increasingly apparent self-employed, that is pseudo-entrepreneurs without an entrepreneurial organization, the capital of the company, employees and the famous "entrepreneurial freedom", because they depend on a single developer, mostly in their old company, so that saves on contributions and pays them directly with "fees" depending on the performance instead of working time, which are smaller, the pay received previously.
Flexibility means the risks normally download the employed staff and delegation of responsibility downwards: more performance for less money and more stress. The tie is loosened and the so-called corporate employees split into an increasingly small group of employees that the company benefits are reduced or completely eliminated and an increasing marginal employment "free lancer" or "portfolio-workers." Among the first group members are divided into "profit-center" competitors. The culture of the integral is over forever. Following the example of IBM's multi-complex American social historian Richard Sennett in his 1988 book The Corrosion of relocation described this logic: " During the years of restructuring and downsizing did not inspire more confidence in his employees. It was reported that they had to rely on themselves, their children were no longer the great company " . Individuals
made flexible and self-conscious of capitalism are not universal, but only men universally exploited, desolidarization and isolated. The new liability risk does not generate fear but comfortable because the risk of life is permanent. Ramps generalized mistrust. In the climate of bullying and delusions of persecution stands a paranoid corporate culture. More and more men free of coercion and overloading certainties become sick and disaffected. Moreover, they are becoming increasingly unnecessary, deconcentrated and incompetent. This is because a real-time competence requires that the market has more. The faster change requests can not acquire more expertise in the more learning is transformed into a mere consumer to know that it's just a dump of data. The quality is strangled. If I know that everything I learned and will not be my own effort with no value but a moment later, then the focus becomes more and more ephemeral.
Occupied put to the whip and de-socialization that can bluff their superiors, customers and each other, they are also counterproductive from a business perspective. With total flexibility capitalism does not resolve its crisis but drags himself into the increasingly absurd and shows forward to being only able to trigger self-destructive energies.
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